Developing a Problem-Based Digital Module to Enhance Elementary Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

Abstract

The researchers aim to develop a problem-based digital module that is valid, practical, and effective in improving fifth-grade students' critical thinking and conceptual understanding. The ADDIE paradigm implements research and development (R&D). The study had 25 fifth-grade students as subjects. Data were gathered via observation, interviews, questionnaires, and pre- and post-testing equipment. The experts validate the modules and instruments. N-gain is used for data analysis to help students improve their critical thinking and conceptual comprehension. The expert validation results demonstrated that this module was very practical in terms of material, media, and language. Product effectiveness was demonstrated using N-gain analysis and paired sample t-tests, which revealed a significant improvement in student learning outcomes. Positive feedback from students and teachers further validated the module's effectiveness. This study is unique because it integrates the PBL paradigm into a digital platform developed explicitly to translate conceptual understanding of Pancasila into applicable critical thinking abilities. The study found that implementing a PBL-based digital module in elementary schools improved students' critical thinking skills and conceptual comprehension of Pancasila Education.